英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)的正確使用，是建立在格式規(guī)范化的前提之下的。這和論文其他部分內(nèi)容的完成要求，其實(shí)是一樣的，只有熟知其格式要求方可以規(guī)范化寫(xiě)作，起到應(yīng)有的作用和效果。在進(jìn)行英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)寫(xiě)作前，要對(duì)應(yīng)了解各分類(lèi)的要求以及使用事項(xiàng)，很多人在一知半解的情況下就進(jìn)行該部分內(nèi)容，大大增加了犯錯(cuò)的概率，給論文的最終高質(zhì)量完成帶來(lái)不確定因素。因此為了避免質(zhì)量受影響，可以更高效完成論文寫(xiě)作，我們得清楚英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)的格式要求，通過(guò)實(shí)例來(lái)參透其中的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)。這也是寫(xiě)作并引用好英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)的一大基本前提要素。英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)到底怎么寫(xiě)，其完成過(guò)程是怎樣的，下文筆者就來(lái)具體講講，并分享最新整理的英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)格式舉例。
一、英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)格式須知
參考文獻(xiàn)(即引文5261出處)的類(lèi)型以4102單字母方式標(biāo)識(shí),具體如1653下:
M——專(zhuān)著C——論文集N——報(bào)紙文章
J——期刊文章D——學(xué)位論文R——報(bào)告
對(duì)于不屬于上述的文獻(xiàn)類(lèi)型,采用字母“Z”標(biāo)識(shí)。
對(duì)于英文參考文獻(xiàn),還應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn):
?、僮髡咝彰捎?ldquo;姓在前名在后”原則,具體格式是:姓,名字的首字母.
如:MalcolmRichardCowley為:Cowley,M.R.,
如果有兩位作者,第一位作者方式不變,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,
如: FrankNorris與IrvingGordon應(yīng)為:Norris,F.&I.Gordon.;
?、跁?shū)名、報(bào)刊名使用斜體字,如:MasteringEnglishLiterature, EnglishWeekly。
二、英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)四大格式要求
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，英文參考文獻(xiàn)的格式主要有4種：APA格式、MLA格式、CMS格式、哈佛文獻(xiàn)格式(Harvard System)。不管是引用還是標(biāo)注，不管是期刊還是學(xué)術(shù)，都能從這4大格式中，找到對(duì)應(yīng)的格式要求。下面就分別對(duì)這四種格式做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要的說(shuō)明及舉例：
1、APA格式
APA(American Psychological Association)是一種標(biāo)明參考來(lái)源的格式，主要使用在社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域及其他學(xué)術(shù)準(zhǔn)則中，國(guó)內(nèi)很多期刊也是采用的APA格式
APA文內(nèi)注的參考文獻(xiàn)格式是：“(作者姓氏，發(fā)表年份)”.
APA文末的參考文獻(xiàn)目錄格式是：Reference List,必須以姓(Family name)的字母順序來(lái)排列，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
①期刊類(lèi)：
【作者】【發(fā)表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷號(hào)/期數(shù)：起止頁(yè)碼】
Smith,J.(2006).The title of the article.The title of Journal,1,101-105.
?、诜瞧诳?lèi)：
【作者】【發(fā)表年份】【書(shū)籍名】【出版地：出版社】
Sussan.G.(2002).What computers can't do.New York:Harp&Row.
2、MLA格式
MLA是美國(guó)現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言協(xié)會(huì)(Modern Language Association)制定的論文指導(dǎo)格式，多用于人文學(xué)科(Liberal Arts)
MLA文內(nèi)注的基本格式：“(作者姓氏，文獻(xiàn)頁(yè)碼)”.
MLA文末的參考文獻(xiàn)目錄格式：在MLA格式中稱(chēng)為Works Cited,同樣是以姓(Family name)的字母順序來(lái)排列，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
?、倨诳?lèi)：
【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷號(hào)或期數(shù)】【發(fā)表年份】起止頁(yè)碼】
Nwezeh,C.E.“The Comparative Approachto Modern African Literature.”Year book of General and Comparative Literature 28(1979):22.
?、诜瞧诳?lèi)：
【作者】【書(shū)籍名】【出版地：出版社】【發(fā)表年份】
Winfield,Richard Dien.Law in Civil Society.Madison:U of Wisconsin P,1995.
3、CMS格式
CMS格式，又叫芝加哥論文格式，全稱(chēng)The Chicago Manual of Style,源于芝加哥大學(xué)出版社在1906年出版的Manual Style,主要用于人文學(xué)科(humanities)，它使用腳注、尾注和參考文獻(xiàn)目錄來(lái)注明文獻(xiàn)來(lái)源。
CMS文內(nèi)注的參考文獻(xiàn)格式是：“(作者姓氏，發(fā)表年份)”. CMS腳注和尾注(Foot note or end note)的格式為：
?、倨诳?lèi)：
【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷號(hào)或期數(shù)】【發(fā)表年份】【起止頁(yè)碼】
Mac Donald,Susan Peck.“The Erasure of Language.”College Composition and Communication 58,no.4(2007)：585-625.
②非期刊類(lèi)：
【作者】【書(shū)籍名】【出版地：出版社】【出版年份】
First name Last name,Title of Book(Place of publication:Publisher,Year of publication)，page number.
CMS文末參考文獻(xiàn)稱(chēng)為bibliography或者References,其格式為：
?、倨诳?lèi)：
【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷號(hào)或期數(shù)】【發(fā)表年份】【起止頁(yè)碼】
Mac Donald,Susan Peck.“The Erasure of Language.”College Composition and Communication 58,no.4(2007)：585-625.
?、诜瞧诳?lèi)：
【作者】【書(shū)籍名】【出版地：出版社】【出版年份】
Last name,First name.Title of Book.Place of publication:Publisher,Year of publication.
4、哈佛文獻(xiàn)格式(HarvardSystem)
是哈佛大學(xué)的論文參考文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，全名為：哈佛注釋體系(Harvard System)，起源于美國(guó)，但是在英國(guó)和澳洲等國(guó)家運(yùn)用得比較多，尤其在物理和自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。
哈佛文內(nèi)注的參考文獻(xiàn)格式是：“(作者姓氏，發(fā)表年份)”.
哈佛文末的參考文獻(xiàn)目錄格式為：
?、倨诳?lèi)：
【作者】【發(fā)表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷號(hào)或期數(shù)】【起止頁(yè)碼】
Ross,N(2015).On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno's Aesthetic Theory.Philosophy Today,59(2)，pp.269-290.
?、诜瞧诳?lèi)：
Lgnatieff,M.(2012)Keeping an old flame burning brightly. The Guardian.
三、英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)如何直接引用
1.引用中的省略
原始資料的引用：在正文中直接引用時(shí)，應(yīng)給出作者、年份，并用帶括號(hào)的數(shù)字標(biāo)出頁(yè)碼。若有任何資料省略，使用英文時(shí)，應(yīng)用3個(gè)省略號(hào)在句中標(biāo)出(…)，中文用6個(gè)(……);若兩句間的資料省略，英文應(yīng)用4個(gè)省略號(hào)標(biāo)出(‥‥)，中文用6個(gè)(……)。若要在直接引用插入自己的解釋?zhuān)瑧?yīng)使用方括號(hào)[ ]。若在資料中有什么錯(cuò)誤拼寫(xiě)、錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)法或標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤會(huì)使讀者糊涂，應(yīng)在引用后立即插入[sic]，中文用[原文如此]。下面是一些示例：
例一：The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) .... In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345).
例二：Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings .... and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings" (p.275).
2.大段落引用
當(dāng)中文引用超過(guò)160字時(shí)，不使用引號(hào)，而使用“塊”的形式(引用起于新的一行，首行縮進(jìn)4個(gè)空格，兩端對(duì)齊，之后每行都縮進(jìn))。
當(dāng)英文引用超過(guò)40字時(shí)，不使用引號(hào)，而使用“塊”的形式(引用起于新的一行，首行縮進(jìn)5個(gè)空格，左對(duì)齊，之后每行都縮進(jìn))。
Elkind (1978) states:
In general, our findings support Piaget's view that perceptions
as well as intelligence are neither entirely inborn nor entirely innate but are rather progressively constructed through the gradual development of perceptual regulations. The chapter has also attempted to demonstrate the applicability of Piaget's theory to practical issues by summarizing some research growing out of an analysis of beginning reading. (p.183)
四、英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)格式舉例40例
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和論文寫(xiě)作一樣，通過(guò)借鑒優(yōu)秀范文寫(xiě)作可以更好的開(kāi)展一篇論文的撰寫(xiě)工作，對(duì)于英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)部分也是如此，因此筆者上文精心整理了40例英文期刊參考文獻(xiàn)實(shí)例，再通過(guò)相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的詳解分析，目的就是讓學(xué)生們有一個(gè)更全面的了解，保證參考文獻(xiàn)寫(xiě)作規(guī)范，能夠在寫(xiě)作中加以正確引用。